Adobe Ranchos is a small community located along Highway 225 approximately fifteen miles north of Elko in western Elko County. The town is situated along Adobe Creek at an elevation of approximately 6,000 feet. The community hazard assessment resulted in classifying Adobe Ranchos in the High Hazard category (63 points). A summary of the factors that contributed to the hazard rating is included in Table 9-3. The high rating is primarily attributed to limited access, inadequate defensible space, the potential for hazardous fire behavior, and the lack of fire protection resources and water availability. The community boundary identified for this report is shown in Figure 9-1.
The wildland-urban interface area around Adobe Ranchos is an intermix condition. Structures are scattered throughout the community with no clear line of demarcation between structures and wildland fuels. All of the 21 homes assessed for this report are on parcels of one to ten acres in size.
All of the homes observed in the interface area are built with non-combustible or highly fire resistant siding materials such as medium density fiberboard and roofing materials such as composition roofing, metal, or tile. Twenty-four percent of the homes have unenclosed porches, decks, or balconies that create drafts and provide areas where sparks and embers can lodge, smolder, ignite, and rapidly spread fire to the house.
Sixty-seven percent of the homes observed in the interface do not meet the minimum recommended defensible space requirement to help protect the home from damage or loss during a wildfire.
Adobe Ranchos has no organized fire department. Fire suppression resources are provided to Adobe Ranchos by the Elko Fire Department. Table 9-1 lists the types of wildfire resources and equipment available for initial response to the Adobe Ranchos in the event of a reported wildfire. Additional resources are available from local, state, and federal agencies through mutual aid agreements as described in Section 4.1.1.
Type of Equipment | Amount of Equipment | Cooperating Partner (Resource Location) |
---|---|---|
Type 3 Engine Type 4 Engine Type 5 Engine Water tender |
1 1 1 1 |
Elko Fire Department Lee Company |
Type 4 Engine | 1 | Bureau of Land Management (Elko) |
Type 3 Helicopter Air Attack Platform |
1 1 |
Bureau of Land Management (Elko Helibase) |
Type 2 Engine Type 1 Water Tender |
1 1 |
Nevada Division of Forestry (Elko) |
Source: Sam Hicks, Nevada Division of Forestry Elko County Prevention Captain; Alan Kightlinger, Elko Fire Department Chief |
Water available for fire suppression in Adobe Ranchos is limited to private wells and a reservoir about two miles away on Sixteen Mile Creek that could be used as a helicopter dip site.
The terrain within the community boundary is gently rolling with slopes up to twenty percent and aspects in all directions. The prevailing wind direction is from the south and west. There is a history of afternoon thunderstorms and dry lightning strikes in the area. The vegetative fuel density in the Adobe Ranchos interface area is generally moderate, estimated at one to three tons per acre with a moderate fuel hazard. The fuel hazards in the interface area are shown in Figure 9-2. Fuels in the community consist primarily of cheatgrass, bluegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, basin wildrye, big sagebrush, and low sagebrush. The grasses are typically six inches to three feet tall and the shrubs are one to three feet tall with moderate spacing. The fuel hazard photo point is shown in Figure 9-3.
The worst-case scenario for a wildfire in the area surrounding Adobe Ranchos would be an ignition south of the community along State Route 225 with a strong south wind greater than twenty miles per hour pushing the fire north into residences. There is no local water storage for fire suppression and no local fire protection resources. Initial response fire suppression personnel are at least thirty minutes away.
Adobe Ranchos has a moderate to high risk of ignition based on fire history and dry lightning from thunderstorms in the area. The primary risk of ignition is lightning, although human caused ignitions are unpredictable and can happen at any time.
The responsibility to keep a community fire safe falls not only on the local fire protection district but also on the residents and local governments. The recommendations for the Adobe Ranchos area focus primarily on the ongoing and additional efforts to create and maintain defensible space and on future requirements that new developments will be planned and constructed to create fire safe communities. Other recommendations pertain to community coordination and public education efforts that could be undertaken to enhance fire safety.
Defensible space treatments are an essential first line of defense for residential structures. The goal of the treatments is to significantly reduce or remove flammable vegetation within a prescribed distance from structures. (Refer to Appendix E for the minimum recommended defensible space area). Defensible space reduces the fire intensity and improves firefighter and homeowner chances for successfully defending a structure against oncoming wildfire.
Fuel reduction treatments are applied on a larger scale than defensible space treatments. Permanently changing the fuel characteristics over large blocks of land to one of a lower volume and one of altered distribution reduces the risk of a catastrophic wildfire in the treated area. Reducing vegetation along roadways and driveways could reduce the likelihood of blocking access and escape routes, help contain the fire perimeter, and improve firefighter access and safety for protecting homes.
Nevada Fire Safe Council
210 South Roop Street Suite 101
Carson City, NV 89701
www.nvfsc.org
Involved Party | Recommended Treatment | Recommendation Description |
---|---|---|
Property Owners |
Defensible Space | Remove, reduce, and replace vegetation around homes according to the guidelines in Appendix E. Maintain the defensible space area annually. |
Community Coordination | Ensure residential addresses are easily visible from the road. Form a local community-based organization to provide leadership and be responsible for community-wide fuels reduction and community fire safety. |
|
Utility Company | Fuels Reduction | Reduce and remove vegetation to maintain clearance around power lines. Clear vegetation within fifteen feet of utility poles near the community. |
Elko County Nevada Department of Transportation |
Fuels Reduction | Reduce vegetation and maintain roads by mowing all vegetation to a height of no more than four inches for a distance of twenty feet from the edge of the road on both sides of the road. Remove and dispose of biomass at an appropriate site. |
Elko County | Community Coordination | Promote cooperation between the Assessor’s Office and the Roads Department to ensure that all new development roads are named, mapped, signed, and identified with GPS locations. Continue to require all future development in the County to meet the National Fire Codes with regard to community design, building construction and spacing, road construction and design, water supply and emergency access. Refer to Appendix F for an example of fire safe recommendations for planning new developments. |
Nevada Division of Forestry | Fire Suppression Resources | Install a minimum capacity 10,000-gallon water tank in the community for fire suppression. Continue to meet annually with the cooperating agencies to discuss pre-attack plans for the community. |
Table 9-3Adobe Ranchos Wildfire Hazard Rating Summary |
Figure 9-1Adobe Ranchos Community |
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Figure 9-2Adobe Ranchos Classification of Fuel Hazard |
Photo Point 1. 4532116N, 0596097E, 135°SE. The dominant vegetation in the Adobe Ranchos community includes cheatgrass, bluegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, basin wildrye, big sagebrush, and low sagebrush. The fuel load was estimated between one and three tons per acre and considered a moderate fuel hazard.